6 research notes
Insights
Short notes published between papers: observations from work in progress, methodological arguments, and results that do not warrant a full publication but should not wait for one.
The utilisation number nobody publishes
Cluster size is reported. Achieved utilisation is not. The second number is the one that matters.
Computing28 July 2026 · 5 min readHow to read an AI capex disclosure
Four questions that separate what a filing says from what it means.
Economics11 July 2026 · 6 min readVerification cost explains most of the capability distribution
Where checking an answer is cheap, systems improve fast. Where it is expensive, they do not.
Artificial Intelligence30 June 2026 · 5 min readAnnounced, contracted, energised, consumed
Four different numbers, one word, and most of the confusion in datacentre reporting.
Energy12 June 2026 · 4 min readIt was never the lithography
Why the semiconductor bottleneck discussion has been looking at the wrong stage.
Semiconductors19 May 2026 · 5 min readAgainst single-number capability claims
The most cited figures in AI are the least informative ones.
Artificial Intelligence30 April 2026 · 4 min read